{"id":12515,"date":"2020-07-02T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T13:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=12515"},"modified":"2020-07-01T15:26:43","modified_gmt":"2020-07-01T19:26:43","slug":"juvenile-arthritis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/juvenile-arthritis\/","title":{"rendered":"What is juvenile arthritis?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arthritis is inflammation and stiffness of the joints. When most people think of arthritis, they usually think of older adults. But, the fact is nearly 300,000 children and teens younger than 16 years old in the United States live with some form of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">juvenile idiopathic arthritis (also called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is juvenile arthritis?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are autoimmune diseases, where <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the body\u2019s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues and organs, in this case, the joints. \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no definitive known cause for the condition but there are hypotheses suggesting genetic, infectious and environmental factors may be involved,\u201d says <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/maggiecadetmd.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magdalena Cadet, MD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a New York\u2013based rheumatologist and associate attending at NYU Langone Medical Center.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only a small percentage of juvenile idiopathic arthritis cases have been reported to run in families, but a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sibling of someone with the condition has <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/condition\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis#inheritance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">about 12 times an estimated risk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of developing juvenile arthritis than that of the general population. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28849549\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Females are also at a higher risk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of developing <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">juvenile idiopathic arthritis, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/autoimmune-diseases-in-women\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as they are with other rheumatic conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the symptoms of juvenile arthritis?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis begin before age 16, become chronic, and may include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Joint stiffness may be more apparent in the morning, or after periods of inactivity. You may also notice your child limping.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Persistent fever<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Rash: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A light pink skin rash may appear in conjunction with a fever.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Swollen lymph nodes<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Eye problems:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This can include <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uveitis (inflammation of the eye) or blurred vision.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To receive an actual JIA\/JRA diagnosis from a medical professional, the patient would need to experience recurring pain and display signs of joint swelling for at least 6 weeks,\u201d says <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/maximregen.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lawrence Barnard<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, DO, board-certified neuromusculoskeletal specialist who works at MAXIM ReGen. According to Dr. Barnard, this time frame is important because \u201cmost children and teens experience growing pains throughout adolescence that are painful and quite distracting but aren&#8217;t actually a form of arthritis.\u201d If juvenile arthritis is suspected, a pediatrician or general physician may refer the patient to a pediatric rheumatologist after considering factors such as family history.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the types of juvenile arthritis?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are different classifications of JIA which can be based on numerous factors such as the number<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of involved joints, age of onset, presence of some autoimmune markers (positive or negative rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody), or other associated clinical features like fever, or eye involvement,\u201d Dr. Cadet explains.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are six subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Oligoarthritis<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(the most common form): This form affects fewer than five joints for the first six months of the disease. It causes <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eye inflammation or uveitis\/iritis and is more common in girls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Polyarthritis:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This form affects five or more joints on both sides of the body, is similar to adult rheumatoid arthritis, and is more common in girls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Systemic arthritis: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This form of arthritis can affect the entire body including internal organs and systems of the body. It often causes high fevers, rashes, and lymph node enlargement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Enthesitis-related:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This form causes inflammation where the tendons attach to the bone (entheses) as well as the fingers and toes. It typically affects older boys.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Juvenile psoriatic arthritis:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This form causes <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reddish and scaly patches on skin. Back pain, joint pain, and nail abnormalities like nail pitting may be present.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Undifferentiated:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This is the classification for patients who do not fit into other subtypes, or who <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fulfill the criteria for more than one type.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How is juvenile arthritis diagnosed?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can be difficult to diagnose and differentiate from other conditions. There is no definitive test for JIA, so doctors diagnose the condition based on medical history, a complete physical exam, and by ruling out other conditions. They may also order the following diagnostic tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Rheumatoid factor test:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tests for the presence of an antibody produced by the immune system that can indicate the presence of a rheumatic disease.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>C-reactive protein test and\/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These tests measure inflammation in the body.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>HLA-B27 test:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This measures a genetic marker test for enthesitis-related JIA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Antinuclear antibody test:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This test helps to show the presence of autoimmunity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>MRI and\/or X-ray:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These scans help to rule out other conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several of these tests mentioned above can be positive in a normal child, hence the results should be interpreted by a physician to make a final diagnosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eye screening is recommended for some subtypes of juvenile arthritis, and I would recommend that every child who is suspected to have this condition should have an ophthalmologist referral,\u201d says Dr. Cadet. She says it\u2019s crucial to have a \u201cthorough evaluation in children before making a diagnosis of juvenile arthritis to exclude other medical conditions such as Lyme disease, lupus, bone disorders, fibromyalgia, infection, and cancer.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How is juvenile arthritis treated?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/arthritis-treatment-and-medications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is based on which type of arthritis a child has, and typically involves a combination of medication and exercise. \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The goal of treatment is to reduce joint pain and swelling, prevent joint damage, and increase joint mobility,\u201d says Dr. Cadet. She also notes that \u201csometimes these children do grow out of symptoms and go into remission with treatment,\u201d but that others may progress and go on to develop adult rheumatoid arthritis.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lifestyle changes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some lifestyle remedies that may be helpful for juvenile arthritis include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exercise<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Healthy diet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical therapy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heat treatment<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Barnard says heat can help with inflammation and pain. \u201cWarm baths can be particularly fun for children (just bring their favorite toys and make an event out of it!),\u201d he says, \u201cor using <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/diyshowoff.com\/2015\/03\/12\/diy-aromatherapy-heat-cold-rice-packs-snuggle-bunnies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DIY rice sock bunnies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for heat treatment.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medication<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medications may help the condition in three main ways: to manage pain, prevent the progression of the condition, and avoid growth problems. The available options include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/childrens-motrin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ibuprofen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/naproxen\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">naproxen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NSAIDs are prescribed to treat pain. \u201cParents must monitor for nausea, abdominal pain, bruising, and a potential increase in blood pressure or kidney problems with this medication,\u201d Dr. Cadet says.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Disease modifying agents <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/hydroxychloroquine-sulfate\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hydroxychloroquine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/methotrexate\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">methotrexate<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/sulfasalazine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sulfasalazine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">): These medications target certain chemicals in the body causing inflammation. Side effects of these medications can be severe, so it\u2019s important to take them as directed by a healthcare provider.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Biologic injections <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/humira\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Humira<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/enbrel\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enbrel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/remicade\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remicade<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/cosentyx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cosentyx<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/ocrevus\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocrevus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">): These medications come from living organisms and block immune pathways in cells.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obviously, the first and \u2018easiest\u2019 option is taking an anti-inflammatory, such as ibuprofen, to see if that mitigates the intensity of the pain and swelling,\u201d Dr. Barnard says. \u201cIf that doesn&#8217;t help &#8230; the child will likely be encouraged to visit a physical or occupational therapist for mobility and strength training.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best treatment plans are multimodal. Combining medication with \u201csafe but consistent movement can really help loosen those joints, particularly if paired with targeted exercises that your physical therapist provides as \u2018homework\u2019 between sessions,\u201d Dr. Barnard explains.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Therapy\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Living with arthritis can be hard on a child. Working with a therapist or support group can help alleviate the psychological effects of a chronic illness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is crucial for parents and physicians to address the emotional and social effects of the disease,\u201d Dr. Cadet says, as well as \u201cfind support for the children through psychological counseling or organizations like the Arthritis Foundation that advocate for children living with this chronic illness.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Does juvenile arthritis go away?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no cure for juvenile arthritis, but <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arthritis.org\/diseases\/juvenile-arthritis#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20cure%20for,of%20JA%20treatment%20are%20to%3A&amp;text=Slow%20down%20or%20stop%20inflammation%20and%20prevent%20disease%20progression.&amp;text=Relieve%20symptoms%2C%20control%20pain%20and%20improve%20quality%20of%20life.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Arthritis Foundation says<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that with early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, remission is possible. They recommend \u201ca well-rounded plan\u201d that includes medication, physical activity, complementary therapies, and a healthy diet to treat and prevent flare-ups.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arthritis is inflammation and stiffness of the joints. When most people think of arthritis, they usually think of older adults. But, the fact is nearly 300,000 children and teens younger than 16 years old in the United States live with some form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (also called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis).\u00a0 What is juvenile arthritis?\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":12518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8029],"tags":[3564,790],"coauthors":[12545],"class_list":["post-12515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-education","tag-children","tag-chronic-disease","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is juvenile arthritis? Common symptoms, causes, and treatments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juvenile arthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in children younger than 16. The chronic disease won&#039;t go away completely, but it is treatable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/juvenile-arthritis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is juvenile arthritis?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are 6 types of JIA that present in children younger than 16\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/juvenile-arthritis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Checkup\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/singlecare\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-02T13:00:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Blog_070220_Juvenile-arthritis.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katy Anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"What is juvenile arthritis?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"There are 6 types of JIA that present in children younger than 16\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@SingleCare\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@SingleCare\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katy Anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Janice Rodden\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/169a1d8c8b88282cc3b792a394fc3575\"},\"headline\":\"What is juvenile arthritis?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-02T13:00:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1275,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Blog_070220_Juvenile-arthritis.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Children\",\"Chronic disease\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Health Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/\",\"name\":\"What is juvenile arthritis? Common symptoms, causes, and treatments\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/juvenile-arthritis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.singlecare.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/Blog_070220_Juvenile-arthritis.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-02T13:00:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"Juvenile arthritis causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling in children younger than 16. 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