{"id":29230,"date":"2021-04-30T09:30:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-30T13:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=29230"},"modified":"2021-04-27T12:49:51","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T16:49:51","slug":"stomach-bug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/stomach-bug\/","title":{"rendered":"Your guide to the stomach bug"},"content":{"rendered":"

The prospect of a stomach bug strikes fear in the hearts, minds, and intestines of anyone who has ever spent a long night hunched over the toilet. Stomach bugs tend to hit fast and hit hard. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the key symptoms. In combination they can make you feel like you\u2019ve been run over by a train.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, you can\u2019t always tell that someone is contagious with something that can make you feel that bad. \u201cThe biggest problem is that you\u2019re probably going to get exposed before you realize they have it,\u201d says <\/span>Steven Furr, MD<\/span><\/a>, a family physician in Jackson, Alabama, and member of the board of directors of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).<\/span><\/p>\n

The best way to protect yourself is through good hygiene. So, go wash your hands, then come back and learn more about these dreaded tummy troubles\u2014how long it will probably last, and how to treat the symptoms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What is a stomach bug?<\/span><\/h2>\n

A stomach bug is an intestinal infection that causes nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea\u2013and sometimes a fever.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some people use the phrases \u201cstomach bug,\u201d \u201cstomach virus,\u201d and \u201cstomach flu\u201d interchangeably. The last one is a misnomer. The <\/span>influenza virus<\/span><\/a> isn\u2019t the culprit for these symptoms. A better term is gastroenteritis.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are three main causes of gastroenteritis:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Viral: A virus, like norovirus or a rotavirus<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Bacterial: Bacteria, like salmonella or <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n
  3. Parasitic: A parasite, such as giardia or cryptosporidium\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In other words, you\u2019re sick because of a pathogen you came into contact with or something you ate. <\/span>Viral gastroenteritis<\/span><\/a> spreads from person to person, through contaminated surfaces, or when a sick person contaminates food while handling it. <\/span>Food poisoning<\/span><\/a> can be bacterial (when improperly stored food grows bacteria) or parasitic (when food or water is contaminated with a microorganism or worm). No matter the cause of your illness, all three types make you feel pretty crummy.<\/span><\/p>\n

    How do I know if it\u2019s a stomach bug or something else?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    It can be difficult to tell what\u2019s causing your gastrointestinal distress. Different causes have <\/span>similar symptoms<\/span><\/a>\u2014and when you\u2019re throwing up constantly, you may not really care.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    It can be useful to know the culprit, though, because it may affect how you can treat your symptoms. Consider who you\u2019ve been in contact with, what you\u2019ve eaten, and where you\u2019ve been recently, which may give some insight into the potential cause of your illness. Then, consult the following chart.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Compare common stomach viruses <\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Condition<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nCause<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nSymptoms<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nDiagnosis<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nTreatment<\/b><\/span><\/td>\nUsual Duration<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Gastroenteritis<\/span><\/td>\nVirus, bacteria, or parasite<\/span><\/td>\nNausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, dehydration, fever or chills<\/span><\/td>\nPhysical exam, blood or stool test<\/span><\/td>\nFluids, rest, over-the-counter medication for symptom relief, Rx to treat bacteria or parasite<\/span><\/td>\nDepends on the cause: norovirus lasts 2 days, rotavirus lasts 3 to 8 days, campylobacter and salmonella last 2 to 7 days. Overall, expect 24-48 hours before symptoms improve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Influenza (flu)\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nInfluenza virus<\/span><\/td>\nFever, chills, body aches, sore throat, cough, stuffy nose, fatigue<\/span><\/td>\nRapid flu test<\/span><\/td>\nFluids, rest, antiviral medications, such as Tamiflu<\/span><\/td>\n5-7 days on average<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    COVID-19<\/span><\/td>\nSARS-CoV-2 virus<\/span><\/td>\nCongestion, cough, fever, fatigue, sore throat, loss of smell or taste, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea<\/span><\/td>\nCOVID-19 test<\/span><\/td>\nFluids, rest, possible hospitalization in severe cases<\/span><\/td>\n1-2 weeks for mild cases<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    How to get rid of a stomach bug<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Unless you\u2019re dealing with bacterial or parasitic gastroenteritis, there\u2019s no cure for the condition. Treatment is about alleviating symptoms to help you feel better and start to recover.<\/span><\/p>\n

    1. Fluids<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Fluids are critical when it comes to recovering from a bout of gastroenteritis, no matter the cause. \u201cThe most important thing in those initial 48 hours is to stay well hydrated,\u201d says <\/span>David Cutler, MD<\/span><\/a>, a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John\u2019s Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Small frequent sips of clear fluids can help you absorb some of the liquid and avoid getting dehydrated. Consider sucking on popsicles as this gives your body liquids slowly.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Oral rehydration solutions may be superior to sports drinks in maintaining electrolytes in balance while hydrating. Broths are good, too. Be sure to drink what sounds appealing to you, as this may decrease vomiting and increase fluid intake. Avoid soft drinks or sugar containing drinks. Avoid alcohol and drinks containing caffeine, which can make you urinate more, which increases fluid loss.<\/span><\/p>\n

    If you\u2019re having trouble keeping fluids down, \u201ceat ice chips as often as you want or your body will allow,\u201d suggests <\/span>Jay Woody, MD<\/span><\/a>, chief medical officer of Intuitive Health. You can start taking small sips every 10-15 minutes when you can tolerate beverages.<\/span><\/p>\n

    2. Rest\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    When your body is recovering from a virus or infection, you need extra sleep. Vomiting, diarrhea, and fever can make you feel extra tired. Listen to your body. Lay down and nap whenever possible.<\/span><\/p>\n

    3. Diet\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Patients should eat whatever is tolerated. Smaller meals, broths or soups, and bland, low-residue foods are often better tolerated. While the BRAT diet is suggested as a good way to start introducing food when you\u2019re recovering from gastrointestinal distress, evidence to support this is weak. BRAT stands for Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast. Essentially, it\u2019s a diet of bland foods that won\u2019t put too much stress on your irritated stomach and intestines.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Just don\u2019t stay on this eating plan after you\u2019ve recovered. It\u2019s low in fiber and protein. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) <\/span>doesn\u2019t recommend the BRAT diet for infants and young children<\/span><\/a>. Instead, focus on helping your child rehydrate <\/span>using oral rehydration solutions<\/span><\/a> like Pedialyte.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    RELATED: The parent\u2019s guide to stomach bug<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

    4. Over-the-counter treatment<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Usually, viral gastroenteritis is a self-limited condition that does not need medication. Adequate fluid replacement is the mainstay of treatment. If you\u2019re struggling with diarrhea and vomiting, an over-the-counter medication may help. Two commonly recommended meds are Imodium A-D<\/span> (loperamide<\/span><\/a>) and Pepto Bismol<\/span> (bismuth subsalicylate<\/span><\/a>), both of which are anti-diarrheal medications. These are considered safe for adults, but may also mask the amount of fluid loss because fluids may pool in the intestines. The AAP and the World Health Organization recommend<\/span> not giving loperamide<\/span><\/a> to children.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    To alleviate fever or chills, Tylenol (acetaminophen) can help. Avoid ibuprofen, which can irritate an empty stomach, says Dr. Furr.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Some studies show probiotics may decrease the duration of infectious diarrhea, but more research is needed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    RELATED: <\/b>How much Tylenol can I take?<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

    5. Prescription medication<\/span><\/h3>\n

    For bacterial or parasitic gastroenteritis, you may need an antibiotic or other prescription to recover. An Rx will not help viral infections. If your gastroenteritis is especially severe or bloody or lasts more than two weeks, your healthcare provider may run a stool or blood test to determine the cause of your symptom and order the right medicine.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Patients may need an anti-nausea medication in order to keep fluids down thereby decreasing the need for intravenous fluids and decreasing hospital admission rates.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    How long does a stomach bug last?<\/span><\/h2>\n

    A typical case of viral gastroenteritis will just last a couple of days (although they will seem like very long days). \u201cUsually in 24 to 48 hours, you\u2019re going to be getting over the symptoms,\u201d Dr. Furr says. \u201cBut that first 24 hours can be pretty tough.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    With viral gastroenteritis, time and hydration are key. As miserable as it may seem, you really just have to wait it out. Typically, most mild cases of gastroenteritis will go away on their own within a few days. <\/span><\/p>\n

    With a bacterial or parasitic infection, you might need a course of medication before you start to feel better.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    When should you see your healthcare provider?<\/span><\/h2>\n

    If someone is in frail health, such as an infant or elderly adult, it\u2019s always a good idea to check in with a healthcare provider. Frail patients may become dehydrated much more quickly, which can lead to a whole host of problems. Patients with the following medical comorbidities require closer follow-up and a lower threshold for hospitalization: immunodeficient, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, kidney failure, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, patients on diuretics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Alarm signs and symptoms that signal a doctor\u2019s visit is needed, even if you\u2019re otherwise healthy include:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • You are urinating less than three times per 24 hours<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You have severe abdominal pain<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You have had hospitalization or antibiotic use in the past six months<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You are pregnant\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You experience weight loss<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You have blood or pus in the stool\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You have bloody vomit\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • You have diarrhea for more than two weeks<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bloody diarrhea is especially concerning. \u201cThat could suggest that something could be more serious,\u201d says Dr. Furr.<\/span><\/p>\n

      After you\u2019ve recovered, you probably want to avoid <\/span>ever<\/span><\/i> getting sick like that again. For stomach bugs, prevention is key. Dr. Cutler stresses the importance of a behavior that many of us have adopted more stringently since the coronavirus pandemic began: handwashing. \u201cWash your hands,\u201d he says. \u201cEveryone is in tune with that now, but that is so important.\u201d It might even help you avoid coming down with a stomach virus when another member of your family falls ill with one.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      The prospect of a stomach bug strikes fear in the hearts, minds, and intestines of anyone who has ever spent a long night hunched over the toilet. Stomach bugs tend to hit fast and hit hard. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the key symptoms. In combination they can make you feel like you\u2019ve been run […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":29607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8029],"tags":[16414,3550,10708],"coauthors":[9482],"class_list":["post-29230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-education","tag-digestive-health","tag-gut-health","tag-over-the-counter-medications","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nYour guide to the stomach bug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea\u2014these are three hallmark signs of a stomach bug. 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