{"id":52969,"date":"2022-08-02T09:30:08","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T13:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=52969"},"modified":"2025-09-03T10:57:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T14:57:33","slug":"childrens-antibiotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/childrens-antibiotics\/","title":{"rendered":"What to expect from these 7 commonly prescribed children\u2019s antibiotics"},"content":{"rendered":"

As the excitement of back-to-school time approaches, one thing\u2019s for sure: Returning to the classroom means kids will be exposed to lots of germs, including colds, the flu, and\u00a0countless other viruses. As kids start school each year, bacterial infections like strep throat and pneumonia become more common, too. But what illnesses do kids need antibiotics for?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Here, doctors weigh in on the most commonly prescribed kids\u2019 antibiotics, what they are used for, and what to expect.<\/span><\/p>\n

7 common children\u2019s antibiotics<\/span><\/h2>\n

Antibiotics don\u2019t work for viral infections, but if your child has an illness that\u2019s caused by a bacterial infection, they\u2019ll probably be prescribed one of the following antibiotics, says <\/span>Michael Grosso, MD<\/span><\/a>, the chairman of pediatrics at <\/span>Huntington Hospital<\/span><\/a> at Northwell Health in Huntington, New York. Each antibiotic is available as a liquid or a pill.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Penicillin<\/span><\/h3>\n

Penicillin<\/span><\/a>, the very <\/span>first antibiotic discovered<\/span><\/a>, remains very useful for a range of bacterial infections, from strep throat, ear infections, and skin infections to life-threatening bloodstream infections. It\u2019s normal to experience <\/span>side effects<\/span><\/a> such as a mild rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or, rarely, a black, hairy tongue. <\/span>Research<\/span><\/a> estimates that about 10% of children are labeled as <\/span>allergic to penicillin, but experts say about 95% of those are misdiagnosed<\/span><\/a>. Signs of a true allergic reaction to the antibiotic include swelling under the skin, low blood pressure, wheezing or tightness in the chest or throat, and a rash consisting of red, itchy welts. <\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>RELATED: <\/b>Penicillins: Uses, types, brands, and safety info<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

2. Amoxicillin<\/span><\/h3>\n

Amoxicillin<\/span><\/a>, a \u201csecond-generation\u201d penicillin, is among the most widely prescribed antibiotics for children. <\/span>Amoxicillin is better absorbed from the intestine when taken orally and yields higher blood and urine levels<\/span>. \u201cIt is the preferred first-line medication for most children with middle ear infections (also known as acute otitis media), acute sinusitis, sore throat due to Group A streptococci (so-called strep throat), some infections of the urinary tract, the rash phase of Lyme disease, and a variety of other infections,\u201d Dr. Grosso says. Possible <\/span>side effects<\/span><\/a> of amoxicillin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and changes in taste.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>RELATED: <\/b>Amoxicillin vs. penicillin<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

3. Augmentin<\/span><\/h3>\n

Augmentin (amoxicillin clavulanate)<\/span><\/a> is amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid, which makes amoxicillin more active against certain bacteria that would otherwise be resistant to the drug. It is useful in certain middle ear infections, sinus infections, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin. Or, it may be prescribed after a cat or dog bite. <\/span>Side effects<\/span><\/a> such as diarrhea, upset stomach, vomiting, or a mild skin rash may occur.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>RELATED: <\/b>Amoxicillin vs. Augmentin<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

4. Zithromax<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zithromax (azithromycin)<\/span><\/a> is a second-line medication for ear infections, sinus infections, and throat infections.\u00a0 It is also used first-line for those allergic to penicillin, according to Dr. Grosso. Because it is long-acting, requiring only once-daily dosing (usually for five days), it is easy for parents to give, but it is somewhat less effective for bacterial infections than the medications mentioned above. \u201cImportantly, azithromycin is the preferred antibiotic for certain germs called atypical bacteria, which can cause pneumonia in children and adults,\u201d he says. Common <\/span>side effects<\/span><\/a> include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Biaxin<\/span><\/h3>\n

The antibiotic <\/span>Biaxin (clarithromycin)<\/span><\/a> may be used to treat <\/span>pediatric bacterial infections,<\/span><\/a> including pneumonia, bronchitis, and ear, skin, throat, and sinus infections. This medication is known not to taste good. <\/span>Side effects<\/span><\/a> may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, changes in taste, gas, and headache.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Keflex and Omnicef<\/span><\/h3>\n

Keflex (<\/span>cephalexin<\/span><\/a>) and Omnicef (<\/span>cefdinir<\/span><\/a>) are in the cephalosporin family, which are more distant relatives of the penicillin antibiotics. Most (but not all) people who are allergic to penicillin may be able to take these medications safely. \u201cCephalexin is often prescribed for urinary tract infections or skin infections, while cefdinir treats most infections that respond to Augmentin. Cefdinir can usually be taken just once a day,\u201d Dr. Grosso says. <\/span>Side effects<\/span><\/a> of cefdinir include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, genital itching, and headache. In addition to these side effects, <\/span>cephalexin can also cause<\/span><\/a> heartburn, fatigue, agitation, dizziness, confusion, and rectal itching.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>RELATED: <\/b>Cephalosporins: Uses, common brands, and safety info<\/b><\/a> | <\/b>Cefdinir vs. amoxicillin<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

7. Sulfonamides<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sulfonamides are among the oldest classes of antibiotics and have been <\/span>widely prescribed<\/span><\/a> since the 1930s. They\u2019ve been <\/span>proven effective<\/span><\/a> for a variety of infectious diseases. The most commonly prescribed medication in this group is the combination agent Bactrim (<\/span>sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim<\/span><\/a>), which is effective against infections of the middle ear, sinuses, urinary tract, and skin, Dr. Grosso explains. About 3-8% of people are allergic to sulfonamides, which most commonly exhibit as a rash. Common <\/span>side effects<\/span><\/a> include dizziness, headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and nervousness.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>RELATED: <\/b>What are sulfonamides?<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

Though many other antibiotics are useful to treat infections in infants, children, and teens, the medications listed above are the most commonly prescribed<\/a>, says Dr. Grosso. Some other antibiotics, such as <\/span>Vancocin (vancomycin)<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Flagyl (metronidazole)<\/span><\/a>, are typically administered intravenously in children requiring a hospital stay. Others are applied topically, such as creams or ointments, or as drops to the eyes or ears. \u201cWhen appropriate, topical antibiotics are usually preferred because of their better safety profile,\u201d Dr. Grosso says.<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s important to note that In pediatrics, all antibiotics are dosed on a weight-based mg\/kg approach that is divided into 1-3 doses per day, according to the specific drug, says <\/span>Rebecca Fisk, MD<\/span><\/a>, a pediatrician at <\/span>Lenox Hill Hospital<\/span><\/a> at Northwell Health in New York, New York.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cWhen a pediatrician prescribes an antibiotic for a specific illness, it is important that the dosing be adhered to and completed as directed,\u201d she says. Parents should contact their pediatrician with any questions or if side effects develop\u2014don\u2019t stop using the antibiotic without your pediatrician\u2019s okay. Medication should be given directly to the patient and not mixed in a drink or food where it may be incompletely taken.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antibiotics that should be avoided in children<\/span><\/h2>\n

In general, <\/span>fluoroquinolones<\/b> such as <\/span>Levaquin (levofloxacin)<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>tetracyclines<\/b> such as <\/span>Doxycycline<\/span><\/a> are avoided in pediatric patients, Dr. Fisk says. That\u2019s because tetracyclines can permanently <\/span>stain the teeth<\/span><\/a>. Quinolones are generally not used in children because of their potential to cause <\/span>cartilage abnormalities<\/span><\/a> in animal studies, although more research is needed.<\/span><\/p>\n

When antibiotics should not be used<\/span><\/h2>\n

Antibiotics do not work on viruses. Therefore they\u2019re ineffective for colds, runny noses (even when mucus is discolored), most sore throats, the flu, and other viral illnesses, Dr. Fisk explains. And people with allergies to specific antibiotics should avoid them too, adds Dr. Grosso.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antibiotic resistance<\/span><\/a> occurs when overexposure to antibiotics makes bacteria resistant to an antibiotic. It can also happen when antibiotics are taken too often, allowing a bacteria to learn to protect itself against the drug, says Dr. Fisk. <\/span>The more antibiotics are used and over-used, the more people pass around germs that have <\/span>evolved resistance<\/span><\/a> to these medications, rendering the antibiotics less and less effective over time, says Dr. Grosso.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What\u2019s more, the bacteria in our intestines and respiratory tract, or the microbiome, comprise a complex ecology with profound implications for health and disease, he adds. Overuse of antibiotics can seriously <\/span>disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome<\/span><\/a>, causing negative health implications. That\u2019s why it\u2019s important to take antibiotics only as indicated by your healthcare provider.<\/span><\/p>\n

Avoiding antibiotic resistance\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

To minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance, <\/span>providers should select the narrowest spectrum antibiotic available to treat the infection<\/span><\/a>, Dr. Grosso says. \u201cUnder the best of circumstances, we send a culture to the lab (say from the throat, or the urine) to identify the culprit specifically.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are reserved for more serious infections where rapid control of the problem is necessary. Once laboratory report results show which bacteria is present and which antibiotic is sensitive to the infection, providers should switch to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, he advises. That can help <\/span>reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance<\/span><\/a>. Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics include Augmentin, clarithromycin, cefdinir, cephalexin, Zithromax, and sulfonamides. Penicillin and amoxicillin are narrow-spectrum antibiotics.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As the excitement of back-to-school time approaches, one thing\u2019s for sure: Returning to the classroom means kids will be exposed to lots of germs, including colds, the flu, and\u00a0countless other viruses. As kids start school each year, bacterial infections like strep throat and pneumonia become more common, too. But what illnesses do kids need antibiotics […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":135,"featured_media":52897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4589],"tags":[715,3564,12752,13141],"coauthors":[20608],"class_list":["post-52969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drug-info","tag-antibiotics","tag-children","tag-medication-side-effects","tag-parenting","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCommon children\u2019s antibiotics: Uses and side effects<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The most commonly prescribed children\u2019s antibiotics include penicillin and amoxicillin. 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