{"id":54029,"date":"2022-09-21T09:30:27","date_gmt":"2022-09-21T13:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=54029"},"modified":"2022-09-15T07:45:38","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T11:45:38","slug":"glucose-test-pregnancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/glucose-test-pregnancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding your pregnancy glucose test result"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gestational diabetes is a serious medical condition that affects <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/maternalinfanthealth\/diabetes-during-pregnancy.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6%\u20139%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of pregnant women in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When not adequately treated, gestational diabetes often has negative effects for both mom and baby. In an effort to diagnose gestational diabetes (which often has no symptoms), all pregnant women should be tested by using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The OGTT is generally administered around 28 weeks gestation (during the second trimester) as part of a routine prenatal visit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pregnancy is naturally accompanied by increased insulin resistance to ensure that the fetus has ample nutrients especially as the pregnancy is in its third trimester. Gestational diabetes develops in those whose pancreatic function cannot overcome the natural insulin resistance<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, learn what the OGTT is, what it measures, and what your glucose test results mean. We&#8217;ll also give you tips on how to prepare for the test and what to do if your results are abnormal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When is the glucose test done in pregnancy?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pregnancy glucose test, formally known as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is a blood test that measures your body&#8217;s ability to break down sugar (glucose). This test diagnoses gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes (high blood sugar) that develops during pregnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe test is usually done around 24\u201328 weeks of pregnancy,\u201d says <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=xOS3YSgAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alex Juusela, MD, M.P.H.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">maternal-fetal medicine fellow at Detroit Medical Center.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cEarlier glucose screening is often performed when a patient has risk factors for undiagnosed pre-gestational diabetes and\/or is at high risk for developing early gestational diabetes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/000896.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk factors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for gestational diabetes include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Family history of diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Being overweight (BMI more than 25)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personal history of gestational diabetes in a prior pregnancy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elevated levels of glucose in the urine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBecause gestational diabetes <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/early-signs-of-diabetes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">often has no symptoms<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it&#8217;s important that all women take a glucose test during pregnancy,\u201d says Robert S. Wool, MD, an OB-GYN and medical director of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whaob-gyn.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women\u2019s Health Associates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Massachusetts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/basics\/gestational.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pregnancy complications of gestational diabetes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High birth weight (greater than nine pounds)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Higher risk of needing a C-section<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High blood pressure (preeclampsia)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in the newborn<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased risk for stillbirth<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased risk of baby developing obesity or Type 2 diabetes later in life<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to prepare for glucose test<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4220599\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">two different tests<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for glucose testing during pregnancy\u2014one-step and two-step screening methods. Your healthcare provider will determine which testing method you use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One-step testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The one-step glucose screening method is a two-hour test that requires you to fast for at least eight hours beforehand\u2014meaning only plain water should be consumed during this time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To start the test, your blood will be drawn to measure your fasting <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/normal-blood-glucose-levels\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blood glucose level<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You\u2019ll then drink a sugary glucose solution that contains 75 g of sugar. You need to drink it within five minutes. Blood is taken one hour and two hours later. This evaluates how efficiently your body processes sugar. If either result from your two-hour test is outside of the standard range, your healthcare provider will diagnose you with gestational diabetes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two-step testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two-step method is more commonly used. This consists of a one-hour glucose test, followed by a three-hour glucose test if blood sugar levels were outside of the expected range during the one-hour test.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No preparation is needed and no fasting is required for the one-hour test. You\u2019ll drink a sugary solution containing 50 g of glucose. A blood sample is taken one hour later. If these results are outside the standard range, you\u2019ll need the three-hour glucose tolerance test.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the second test, you\u2019ll fast for at least eight hours beforehand. To start the test, your blood will be drawn to measure your fasting blood glucose level. You\u2019ll then drink a 100 g glucose solution. Blood samples will be taken every hour for three hours to evaluate how your body processes sugar. If two or more of the four results from your three-hour test are outside of the standard range, you have gestational diabetes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immediately following your glucose test, you can resume normal eating and drinking. Your healthcare provider will contact you with your results.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pregnancy glucose test results<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You should receive the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2015\/0401\/p460.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">results of a prenatal glucose screening test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> within a few days, although you may receive them as early as a few hours later, depending on the lab and your healthcare provider. The best testing strategy and optimum glucose results to diagnose gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health is unclear. Many organizations have published recommendations which vary depending on which strategy your obstetrician adopts. Your pregnancy glucose test range will vary depending on the type of test you took.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One-step testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the one-step test, commonly known as the two-hour test, results are considered normal if they are below the following limits:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fasting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 92 mg\/dL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>One-hour glucose:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 180 mg\/dL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Two-hour glucose: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">153 mg\/dL\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your results meet or exceed one or more of these limits, your healthcare provider will diagnose you with gestational diabetes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two-step testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During step 1 of the two-step method, which is commonly known as the one-hour test or the glucose challenge test, results are considered normal if they are below the following limit:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>One-hour glucose:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 130-140 mg\/dL<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your results meet or exceed this limit during the one-hour test, you will need to proceed to step 2, which is commonly known as the three-hour test. During the three-hour test, results are considered normal if they are below the following National Diabetes Data Group limits:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Fasting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 105 mg\/dL<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>One-hour glucose:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 190 mg\/dL\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Two-hour glucose: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">165 mg\/dL\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Three-hour glucose: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">145 mg\/dL\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your results meet or exceed two or more of these limits during the three-hour test, you have gestational diabetes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>RELATED: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/late-onset-gestational-diabetes\/\"><b>Late-onset gestational diabetes<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What do abnormal glucose test results mean?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2015\/0401\/p460.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">results of your glucose test<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> show how well your body breaks down sugar. If your glucose test results are higher than the standard limit, your body is not processing sugar properly, a sign of gestational diabetes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cGestational diabetes usually occurs due to pregnancy-related hormonal changes. It\u2019s important that patients not blame themselves or feel guilty for results of the hormonal changes of pregnancy, this is precisely why we screen all patients for gestational diabetes,\u201d shares Dr. Juusela.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe good news is that for the most part, gestational diabetes can be successfully managed through diet, exercise and careful monitoring,\u201d Dr. Wool says. \u201cIn cases where that is not enough, medications, such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/drug-classes\/insulins\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insulin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/prescription\/metformin-hcl\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">metformin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, can be used to help control blood sugar levels.\u201d In other words, you can have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby with this condition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> need medication, SingleCare can help you save on your prescriptions. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free search tool<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> allows patients to compare prices at pharmacies nearby to be sure you&#8217;re getting the best deal. Simply enter your medication and location to get started today.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>RELATED: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/gestational-diabetes-diet-treatments\/\"><b>What to know about gestational diabetes<\/b><\/a> <b>| <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/diabetes-diet\/\"><b>Diabetes diet<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gestational diabetes is a serious medical condition that affects 6%\u20139% of pregnant women in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. When not adequately treated, gestational diabetes often has negative effects for both mom and baby. In an effort to diagnose gestational diabetes (which often has no symptoms), all pregnant [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":135,"featured_media":53817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8029],"tags":[790,10298,8670],"coauthors":[20916],"class_list":["post-54029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-education","tag-chronic-disease","tag-diabetes","tag-womens-health","franchise-maternal-matters","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pregnancy glucose tolerance test: Results and preparation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most pregnant women have a glucose test in the second trimester to screen for gestational diabetes. 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