{"id":61521,"date":"2023-11-14T09:30:49","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T14:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=61521"},"modified":"2026-05-01T10:30:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T14:30:35","slug":"type-3-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/type-3-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Type 3 diabetes? Understanding the diabetes-dementia link"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ve likely heard of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but you may not have heard of this third type. Type 3 diabetes is a term used by some researchers to refer to emerging data that shows a link between insulin resistance and dysfunction of a hormone called insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which may be a causal factor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Here is what we know so far about the connection between blood sugar and dementia.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-type-3-diabetes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is Type 3 diabetes?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease should be classified as a type of diabetes, called Type 3 diabetes, proposed a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cTheir research proposed that problems with brain insulin and [insulin-like growth factor] IGF-1 signaling pathways could cause certain molecular abnormalities seen in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease,\u201d says Yan Yan Sally Xie, MD, an endocrinologist at<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Northwell Health<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study\u2019s hypothesis is that Alzheimer&#8217;s disease may be triggered by insulin resistance in brain cells. However, Type 3 diabetes is not an official diagnosis by any major health organizations or the American Diabetes Association.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although not recognized clinically, the term Type 3 diabetes (sometimes referred to as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7246646\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">diabetes of the brain<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is still used by some researchers to refer to a form of diabetes associated with Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, explains <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anzarahealth.com\/about-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ana Maria Kausel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, MD, an endocrinologist and co-founder at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anzarahealth.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anzara Health<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-link-between-alzheimer-s-and-diabetes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The link between Alzheimer\u2019s and diabetes<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a type of dementia that affects cognitive function and is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0925443916302150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">associated with multiple factors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including genetic propensities, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, severe head trauma, and a history of depression.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diabetes mellitus occurs when the body can\u2019t effectively convert blood sugar energy, which causes blood glucose levels to be too high. There are four commonly accepted kinds of diabetes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Type 1 diabetes: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A problem with the immune system prevents the pancreas from producing enough insulin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Type 2 diabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The body becomes unable to use insulin correctly or produce adequate insulin, and blood sugar levels become too high.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gestational diabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During pregnancy, the body cannot produce enough insulin or use insulin correctly, and blood sugar levels become too high.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Prediabetes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A condition when blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as Type 2 diabetes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9739879\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">established association<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between Type 2 diabetes and dementia: Type 2 diabetes, especially when uncontrolled or undiagnosed, can damage blood vessels in the brain, which can lead to cognitive decline, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northwell.edu\/find-care\/find-a-doctor\/internal-medicine\/dr-yan-yan-sally-xie-md-11372255\">Dr. Xie<\/a>. Type 2 diabetes can also cause systemic inflammation, which may damage the brain and cause cognitive impairment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite this connection, the scientific community is still trying to fully understand the causes of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its relationship to diabetes. Researchers suggest that Type 3 diabetes occurs when your brain stops responding well to insulin, which impacts memory and learning capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"causes-and-risk-factors-for-type-3-diabetes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Causes and risk factors for Type 3 diabetes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>People with Type 2 diabetes have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8910482\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">45% to 60%<\/a> higher risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4722942\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60% higher risk<\/a> of any type of dementia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/type-1-vs-type-2-diabetes\/\">Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes<\/a> include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prediabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obesity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Family history of diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limited physical activity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gestational diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the research on Type 3 diabetes is still preliminary, some of its possible causes include insulin resistance, genetics, and age.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"insulin-resistance\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insulin resistance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A study published in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9739879\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reported that Type 3 diabetes occurs when brain neurons become unresponsive to insulin, and because insulin is related to learning and memory, there is a likely link between insulin resistance and Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"genetics\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetics<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to insulin resistance, Dr. Kausel says that genetics may be at play. \u201cResearchers at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org\/discussion\/mayo-clinic-minute-is-alzheimers-type-3-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayo Clinic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that a gene commonly found in Alzheimer&#8217;s patients (up to 50% of patients) called APOE4 is responsible for making the brain stop using insulin efficiently in the elderly,\u201d she explains. \u201cThis same mechanism can happen in patients who have diabetes and later on develop Alzheimer&#8217;s since their overall metabolic health is driven by insulin resistance.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"age\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Age<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There isn\u2019t research specifically on age and Type 3 diabetes. But in general, older adults have a higher risk of diabetes, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/dementia-symptoms\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dementia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alz.org\/alzheimers-dementia\/difference-between-dementia-and-alzheimer-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer\u2019s Association<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, age is the greatest factor leading to the development of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, and the majority of cases are in people older than 65.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\t\t<div class=\"singlecare-dynamic-newsletter-wrapper sin-newsletter-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"heading\">Get our diabetes newsletter<\/span>\n\t\t\t<form class=\"form-wrapper\" data-newsletter-form=\"1\" data-subsource=\"Diabetes Newsletter\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"input-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"dynamic-email\">Email<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"email\" id=\"dynamic-email\" class=\"email\" required>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"input-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"submit-form-btn\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Click to sign up\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"success-message\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"type-3-diabetes-symptoms\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Type 3 diabetes symptoms\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because so-called Type 3 diabetes manifests as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, it\u2019s assumed that symptoms of Type 3 diabetes resemble the symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Some of the most common<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzheimers.gov\/alzheimers-dementias\/alzheimers-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Memory loss<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More trouble remembering words compared to other people your age<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decreased awareness of the space around you<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Challenges with reason, judgment, and decision-making<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asking the same question multiple times<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty with daily living tasks, paying bills, and managing finances<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Going somewhere and not knowing how to get home<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequently losing things, especially in strange places (like leaving your keys in the microwave)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noticeable personality changes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mood changes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"diagnosing-and-treating-type-3-diabetes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diagnosing and treating Type 3 diabetes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because there are currently no diagnostic criteria for Type 3 diabetes, it can\u2019t be formally diagnosed\u2014but <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/conditions\/alzheimers-treatment-and-medications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease is diagnosed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on medical history, a neurological exam, and cognitive tests.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likewise, there is no established treatment protocol for Type 3 diabetes as it\u2019s still a developing diagnosis. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org\/discussion\/researchers-link-alzheimers-gene-to-type-iii-diabetes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Researchers from the Mayo Clinic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/neuron\/fulltext\/S0896-6273(17)30791-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">testing intranasal insulin spray<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which they hope will help Alzheimer\u2019s patients whose disease is related to insulin resistance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are, however, established treatments for diabetes and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Your healthcare provider may recommend medication as well as lifestyle changes such as treating insulin resistance with diet and exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although there is no research on whether Type 3 diabetes can be reversed, insulin resistance can be. \u201cWeight loss and a diet based on non-processed carbohydrates and low in sugar is key,\u201d Dr. Kausel says.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"preventing-type-3-diabetes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preventing Type 3 diabetes<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and diabetes have multiple causes, some of which are out of your control, such as age and family history. However, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semel.ucla.edu\/longevity\/news\/what-type-3-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">half of your risk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of developing dementia and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is based on risk factors you can control\u2014namely, dietary and exercise choices. Here are 8 tips <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.semel.ucla.edu\/longevity\/news\/what-type-3-diabetes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recommended by the UCLA Longevity Center<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for preventing Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Get regular aerobic exercise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can help your body with glucose metabolism and with using insulin more efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Add strength training<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into your routine, which increases insulin sensitivity and decreases high blood sugar levels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Stick to a diet low in added sugar and simple carbohydrates.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Add in spices with anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as turmeric, cinnamon, and oregano.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Aim to stay at a <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/benefits-of-losing-weight\/\"><b>healthy weight<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Keep your blood sugar at a healthy level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and take any medications your healthcare provider prescribes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Get plenty of rest.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Take care to manage your stress.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As more research is performed, preventive and treatment measures may expand and adjust. If you\u2019re at high risk for either health condition, work with your healthcare provider to create a personalized preventive care plan.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You\u2019ve likely heard of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but you may not have heard of this third type. Type 3 diabetes is a term used by some researchers to refer to emerging data that shows a link between insulin resistance and dysfunction of a hormone called insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which may be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":145,"featured_media":61514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8029],"tags":[790,10298,11278],"coauthors":[20899],"class_list":["post-61521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-education","tag-chronic-disease","tag-diabetes","tag-singlecare-for-seniors","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Type 3 diabetes: Causes, symptoms, and treatment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Some researchers use the term Type 3 diabetes to describe the potential link between diabetes and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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