{"id":632115,"date":"2025-04-30T11:28:09","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T15:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/?p=632115"},"modified":"2026-01-28T13:48:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T18:48:31","slug":"thiamine-side-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/thiamine-side-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"Thiamine side effects and how to avoid them"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. Brand names may include Benerva, Tyvera, Betalin S, ThiaDose, and ThiamEss. \u201cThiamine is essential for energy metabolism because it supports neuronal activity and transforms carbs into useful energy,\u201d says Iven Gonzalez, DDS, owner of Sun City Dental in El Paso, Texas. Synthetic or manmade thiamine in the form of oral tablets or injections is used to treat or prevent vitamin B1 deficiency.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"common-side-effects-of-thiamine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common side effects of thiamine<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Gonzalez lists the following as the most common side effects of thiamine supplementation:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flushing (sudden reddening of skin)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nausea\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sweating<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Itching<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIn most cases, side effects appear shortly after treatment and go away quickly,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"serious-side-effects-of-thiamine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serious side effects of thiamine<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The only known severe side effect of thiamine is anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/anaphylaxis\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20351468\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allergic reaction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen, such as food, insect stings, or medicines. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3736362\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">case study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> describes a 44-year-old patient admitted to the hospital with alcohol intoxication who developed cardiac arrest after experiencing anaphylaxis. The reaction occurred shortly after he received an intravenous (IV) thiamine infusion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/8619-anaphylaxis#symptoms-and-causes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">symptoms of anaphylaxis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may occur within 30 minutes of administering IV thiamine:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shortness of breath<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hives<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty swallowing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Red rash<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chest tightness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abdominal pain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cramps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vomiting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wheezing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feeling of doom or dread<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diarrhea<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Severe signs of anaphylaxis that require immediate medical attention are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased heart rate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lightheadedness or confusion due to a sudden drop in blood pressure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sudden muscle weakness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unconsciousness<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiac arrest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re experiencing symptoms of anaphylaxis, please visit your nearest emergency room or dial 911 for immediate care. The medical condition is treatable with an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.singlecare.com\/blog\/how-to-get-an-epipen\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">epinephrine autoinjector<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (such as an EpiPen), along with oxygen therapy and fluids, if you\u2019re having difficulty breathing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to emphasize that this side effect of thiamine is extremely rare. In a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.japha.org\/article\/S1544-3191(19)30544-8\/abstract\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involving 8,606 intravenous thiamine administration across 2,595 patients, researchers observed only 18 possible and eight probable injection site reactions. However, there were no instances of anaphylaxis among these patients.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"high-dose-thiamine-side-effects\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High-dose thiamine side effects<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Dr. Gonzalez, excessive consumption of thiamine may cause gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. \u201cHowever, high dosages are usually eliminated in the urine, reducing the danger of poisoning,\u201d he explains.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-soon-do-thiamine-side-effects-start\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How soon do thiamine side effects start?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Side effects of thiamine can occur shortly after taking the dietary supplement. \u201cIf someone does experience side effects, they typically show up shortly after taking the supplement, within minutes to an hour, particularly if it is given by injection,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/gail-clifford-lioness-649240b9\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gail Clifford, MD, MMM, CPE, FACP, FHM<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a hospitalist and medical consultant at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arrcled.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ARRC LED<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cFor oral thiamine, any side effects would likely appear the same day.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-long-do-thiamine-side-effects-last\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How long do thiamine side effects last?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Clifford says that most side effects of thiamine are temporary. \u201cMild symptoms like nausea or flushing generally fade within a few hours,\u201d she explains. \u201cSevere reactions, if they occur, are medical emergencies and would be treated right away.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-thiamine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the long-term side effects of thiamine?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Dr. Clifford, there are no known long-term side effects of thiamine at standard or high dosages. \u201cIn fact, the bigger issue we tend to see in healthcare is not too much thiamine, but too little, especially in people with chronic alcohol use or malabsorption problems,\u201d she says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Clifford adds that because long-term side effects are very rare, healthcare providers tend to focus more on the risk factors of thiamine deficiency, such as alcoholism, chronic illnesses, certain gastrointestinal disorders, and long-term use of diuretics. \u201cThese conditions make it harder for the body to absorb or retain enough B1,\u201d she explains.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thiamine-interactions\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thiamine interactions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below are some <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/druginfo\/natural\/965.html#:~:text=Vitamin%20C%20seems%20to%20prevent,tannins%20in%20coffee%20and%20tea.&amp;text=Raw%20freshwater%20fish%20and%20shellfish,fish%20and%20seafood%20are%20OK.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">potential interactions<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that could occur while taking this dietary supplement:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Diuretics:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diuretics, also known as water pills, help reduce fluid buildup in your body. \u201cDiuretics like furosemide can cause your body to lose more thiamine through urine,\u201d Dr. Clifford says.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Betel nut: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Betel nut is a seed of the fruit of the areca palm tree. The stimulant drug can cause <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11988323\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chemical changes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to thiamine, making it less effective in the body.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Alcohol:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Alcohol is one of the main drug interactions of thiamine, Dr. Clifford says. \u201cIt can reduce both absorption and storage [of thiamine].\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Raw freshwater fish and shellfish: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These seafoods contain certain chemicals that can destroy thiamine. However, if the food is cooked, they won\u2019t interact with the dietary supplement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Caffeine-containing foods and drinks: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tannins are chemical compounds within caffeine products. When tannins react with thiamine, they can change it into a form that\u2019s difficult for the body to absorb. Ultimately, this could lead to thiamine deficiency over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThese interactions are more likely to lead to deficiency over time rather than cause immediate harm,\u201d Dr. Clifford says.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"thiamine-contraindications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thiamine contraindications<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main contraindication for thiamine is an allergy to thiamine itself. \u201cThose who are allergic to thiamine, however, should not take supplements,\u201d Dr. Gonzalez says.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aside from potential allergies to thiamine, you should <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/druginfo\/meds\/a682586.html#precautions\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">consult<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with your healthcare provider before taking the supplement if:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You drink alcohol<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You have difficulty absorbing food<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019re receiving dialysis treatments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019re pregnant or plan to become pregnant<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019re breastfeeding<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You should also notify your healthcare provider of any over-the-counter and prescription medications and other supplements you\u2019re currently taking, as they may need to adjust the doses or closely monitor you for potential side effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some people worry that vitamin B1 supplements may cause weight gain. However, this is a misconception as weight loss is actually a symptom of thiamine deficiency. \u201cThiamine helps your body use food for energy more efficiently,\u201d Dr. Clifford explains. \u201cIn deficient people, supplementing with thiamine may lead to a better appetite or improved energy, which could result in healthy weight gain\u2014but that is not a side effect. It is a sign that the body is working better.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s also important to note that while you cannot overdose on thiamine, high doses of the supplement may cause stomach upset. A high amount of thiamine could be anything beyond the recommended <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/supplement\/vitamin-b1-thiamine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 to 100 milligrams (mg) daily<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for oral supplements. However, higher doses have been used in people with severe deficiencies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-avoid-thiamine-side-effects\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to avoid thiamine side effects<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can lower your risk of experiencing unwanted side effects from thiamine supplements by taking the following steps:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow the dose prescribed by your healthcare provider. For children prescribed thiamine, the dosage will be based on their weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limit alcohol consumption while taking thiamine, as it can interfere with the absorption and effectiveness of the supplement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take oral tablets by mouth, either with or without food, at your preferred time of the day. Swallow tablets with a glass of water. If you have difficulty swallowing it, you can break it in half (if the tablet is scored) and take both halves separately.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continue taking the supplement until your vitamin B1 levels have returned to normal, which may require follow-up lab tests to monitor your progress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember\u2014unless it\u2019s nearly time for your next dose. In that instance, just skip the missed dose and take the next one at your regular time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have questions or concerns about taking thiamine, please consult your provider or pharmacist for medical advice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-treat-side-effects-of-thiamine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to treat side effects of thiamine<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you experience side effects like nausea or skin itching after taking thiamine, Dr. Clifford says these symptoms will typically go away on their own. \u201cIf someone feels flushed or gets a headache, resting and drinking water can help,\u201d she says. \u201cBut if someone shows signs of an allergic reaction, like swelling, trouble breathing, or hives, that\u2019s a medical emergency that needs immediate attention.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"bottom-line-is-thiamine-safe\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bottom line: Is thiamine safe?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thiamine is generally a safe supplement for treating vitamin B1 deficiency. While the supplement can cause side effects such as flushing and sweating, these typically subside within a short period. In rare cases, thiamine injections may cause severe allergic reactions, which require immediate medical attention. Be sure to follow your healthcare provider\u2019s instructions while taking thiamine to lower your risk of adverse reactions.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement. Brand names may include Benerva, Tyvera, Betalin S, ThiaDose, and ThiamEss. \u201cThiamine is essential for energy metabolism because it supports neuronal activity and transforms carbs into useful energy,\u201d says Iven [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":632116,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4589],"tags":[788,812],"coauthors":[20975],"class_list":["post-632115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drug-info","tag-drug-safety","tag-supplements","wpautop"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Common and serious thiamine side effects explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Flushing, nausea, and itching are common thiamine side effects. 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