Tretinoin vs. retinol: Differences, similarities, and which is better for you

Tretinoin vs. retinol | Conditions treated | Efficacy | Coverage and cost | Side effects | Interactions | Warnings | FAQs

With so many skincare products available, choosing the best treatment option can be confusing. Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A that have been used for their various anti-aging effects on the skin. Tretinoin and retinol are two retinoids often used to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, acne, and dark spots or patches on the skin (hyperpigmentation). 

Tretinoin and retinol are topical agents that work similarly to target skin cells. They promote skin cell turnover, increase elasticity, and stimulate collagen production for healthier, more youthful-looking skin. Although they’re similar, tretinoin and retinol have some important differences.

Continue reading to learn more about the similarities and differences between tretinoin and retinol, their use, and their potential side effects. 

What are the main differences between tretinoin and retinol?

The main differences between tretinoin and retinol are in their availability and potency. They may also differ in their strengths and how they’re supplied. 

Availability and formulation

Tretinoin and retinol are generic drugs available in topical formulations, such as gels, creams, lotions, and liquids. However, tretinoin is a prescription-strength retinoid only available through a dermatologist or healthcare professional’s recommendation. On the other hand, retinol products are available over the counter (OTC) and can be purchased without a prescription. 

Topical tretinoin is available in various strengths from 0.01% to 0.1%, although the most common strengths are 0.025%, 0.05%, or 0.1%. Retinol comes in strengths of 0.075% to 1%, with the most common strengths being 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%. 

Potency and active ingredient

Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid, is the most biologically active form of retinoids. After application, retinol is converted to retinoic acid. With a potency of around 10 times greater than retinol, tretinoin offers more powerful effects than retinol. In other words, 0.25% retinol is as effective as 0.025% tretinoin. However, tretinoin may cause more side effects as a result. 

Conditions treated by tretinoin and retinol

Retinoids like tretinoin and retinol can treat various skin conditions. They are commonly used for acne breakouts but can also help treat photoaging, which is premature skin aging caused by sun exposure. They can also help reduce other signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles, a rough skin appearance, and dark spots. 

These topical medications are usually started at lower strengths, which may be gradually increased over time. It’s important to use a moisturizer after application to prevent dryness. Using sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 is also recommended while using a retinoid to prevent sunburn.  

Is tretinoin or retinol more effective?

Tretinoin and retinol can be useful for treating acne and skin aging caused by sun damage. However, tretinoin is a prescription retinoid that is considered more potent than retinol. Different factors, such as the strength of the retinoid used, potential side effects, and the individual’s response to treatment, will determine the most appropriate option.

Although tretinoin is considered more potent than retinol, clinical studies have shown that the two are similar in effectiveness when tested in real-world scenarios. One 12-week, double-blind clinical trial compared tretinoin and retinol formulations. Results showed that retinol was equivalent to or better than tretinoin. 

Depending on the treated condition, other topical retinoids may be considered, including adapalene and tazarotene. For example, tazarotene is approved to treat acne and psoriasis. Retinyl palmitate may be less potent than retinol but also causes fewer side effects, making it a potential option for people new to retinoids. 

It’s important to consult a healthcare provider that specializes in dermatology to determine the best treatment option. Skin texture, skin type, and skin tone may also be considered when choosing the best option. 

RELATED: Retinol vs. Retinoid

Coverage and cost comparison of tretinoin vs. retinol

Tretinoin is a prescription retinoid that comes in brand-name and generic forms. The generic version is typically covered by Medicare and most insurance plans.

Retinol is an OTC topical retinoid that is widely accessible at retail drugstores. It is often found in various cosmetic products as an active ingredient. The average retail price varies depending on the product. Medicare and insurance plans don’t generally cover retinol. 

Common side effects of tretinoin vs. retinol

Tretinoin and retinol cause similar side effects. As topical retinoids, these medications can cause irritated, dry skin. They can also cause redness, peeling, swelling, and itching. As both medicines may increase sun sensitivity, an increased risk of sunburns is possible. 

Tretinoin may cause more of these side effects than retinol. Higher strengths of these medications may also increase the risk of these side effects. Side effects are usually temporary and can be reduced or alleviated with a moisturizer and sunscreen. Starting with a low dose can also help mitigate potential side effects. 

This may not be a complete list of adverse effects that can occur. Please refer to your doctor or healthcare provider to learn more.

Source: DailyMed (Tretinoin), Cleveland Clinic (Retinol)

Drug interactions of tretinoin vs. retinol

Topical retinoids may interact with other topical medications, cosmetics, cleansers, or soaps that can irritate or dry the skin. Products that contain alcohol or astringents, in particular, can interact with topical retinoids and increase the risk of skin irritation. 

People taking medications that increase sun sensitivity, such as certain diuretics and antibiotics, may need caution with topical retinoids. Taking these oral medications while using topical retinoids may amplify the risk of sun sensitivity.  

Warnings of tretinoin and retinol

It is not recommended to use tretinoin or retinol on inflamed, red, dry, or sensitive skin. Doing so could lead to increased irritation. Tretinoin and retinol should be started at low doses to reduce the risk of irritation that often comes with larger amounts of application. 

Tretinoin and retinol should be used with an appropriate skincare routine and sun avoidance. Excessive sun exposure while using a topical retinoid may cause severe sunburn. 

Allergic reactions are possible while using tretinoin or retinol. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience signs or symptoms of a severe reaction, including hives, rash, or trouble breathing. 

RELATED: Tretinoin alternatives

Frequently asked questions about tretinoin vs. retinol

What is tretinoin?

Tretinoin, known by various brand names, including Retin-A and Renova, is a topical prescription retinoid used to treat acne and signs of skin aging. It is available in different topical formulations, including creams, lotions, and liquids. The most common strengths of tretinoin include 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%. 

What is retinol?

Retinol is an over-the-counter (OTC) retinoid found in various cosmetic products. Like other retinoids, it can be used to treat acne and reduce fine lines or wrinkles. Retinol is available in different formulations, including creams, serums, and lotions. The most common strengths of retinol used include 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%.  

Are tretinoin and retinol the same?

While both tretinoin and retinol are vitamin A derivatives, they are not the same. The main differences between the two lie in their strength and how they are used. Tretinoin is a prescription medication for severe acne, while retinol is a milder OTC product commonly used for anti-aging and skin improvement. When applied to the skin, retinol is converted into retinoic acid by enzymes in the skin, whereas tretinoin is already in the active form of retinoic acid. For this reason, tretinoin is considered more potent than retinol, but it can also cause more irritation and side effects.

Is tretinoin or retinol better?

Deciding whether tretinoin or retinol is better for you depends on your specific skin concerns and needs. If you have severe acne or other serious skin issues, a doctor might recommend using tretinoin, as it is a stronger medication. On the other hand, if you are looking for a more gentle way to improve the appearance of your skin or combat signs of aging, retinol may be a better option for you. It’s always a good idea to seek medical advice from a dermatologist or a healthcare professional before starting any new skincare treatment.

Can I use tretinoin or retinol while pregnant?

It is important to consult with a doctor or healthcare professional before using any medications during pregnancy. The systemic exposure of topical retinoids is low, meaning the risk of birth defects is low. However, as a precaution, it is not generally recommended to use topical retinoids during pregnancy. Doing so may carry a risk of harm to an unborn baby. 

Can I use tretinoin or retinol with alcohol?

Topical retinoids like tretinoin and retinol are not known to interact with alcohol. Drinking alcohol should not affect how these medications work. However, many skincare products may contain topical alcohol, which can cause skin irritation and dryness. It is not recommended to combine retinoids with skincare products that contain alcohol. Instead, read product labels carefully and choose alcohol-free skincare products when using tretinoin or retinol to reduce the risk of irritation.