Common medications can cause severe reactions to sun and heat. Is yours one of them?

As Americans head outdoors to enjoy the summer sun, they need to take precautions to safeguard themselves from summer health risks such as dehydration, severe sunburn, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. This is especially true for those taking prescription medications, as certain drugs can have harmful side effects and make patients more susceptible to heat-related illness. 

To gain a better perspective into how Americans understand sun safety and summer health care, SingleCare conducted a survey of 1,119 U.S. respondents, and consulted SingleCare’s Health Expert, Dr. Jennifer Bourgeois, Pharm.D., for her insights and tips on how to safely enjoy the outdoors this summer. 

38% of Americans take medications that have a negative reaction to sun and heat exposure

Many common medications can increase the risk of photosensitivity, a side effect that causes sensitivity to sunlight and can lead to sunburn-like symptoms, a rash, or other unwanted side effects like blistering, redness, itching, rash, and hyperpigmentation. SingleCare’s survey revealed that more than a third (38%) of Americans take a prescription medication that can cause a negative reaction with exposure to heat or sun. Medications that can increase this risk include: 

• Antihistamines: Benadryl (diphenhydramine)

• Antibiotics: Monodox (doxycycline), Cetraxal (ciprofloxacin)

• Cholesterol medications: Lipitor (atorvastatin), Pravachol (pravastatin) 

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Aleve (naproxen), Advil (ibuprofen)

• Oral contraceptives and estrogens: Premarin

• Retinoids: Accutane (isotretinoin), Retin-A (tretinoin)

• Sulfonylureas (Diabetic medications): Glyburide, glipizide

In addition to taking precautions when taking sun-sensitizing drugs, it’s also important to understand that some medications are damaged by too much heat exposure. Examples of medications that can degrade in high temperatures include insulin (e.g. NovoLog, Levemir), thyroid medications (e.g. levothyroxine), antibiotics (e.g. Amoxicillin), and oral contraceptives (e.g. drospirenone and ethinylestradiol). 

“Never leave medications in a hot car or exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time. Medication can degrade from heat exposure, and if this happens, the drug may not work as intended,” explains Dr. Bourgeois. “Indicators that your medication may have been damaged from the heat include medication that is discolored, crumbles in texture, or odor. If you suspect your medication has been damaged, consult a pharmacist to be sure it is safe to use.”

Dr. Bourgeois recommends storing medications at the manufacturer-recommended temperature. “As a general rule, most tablets and capsules are stable at room temperature, defined as between 68° and 77°F. These same medications also allow for temporary ‘excursion’ periods ranging as low as 59°F and as high as 86°F. Consistent temperatures above and below this range can have a significant impact on the potency of the medication.”

Nearly a third (29%) of U.S. respondents rarely or never wear sunscreen, and a quarter (25%) expect to get severely sunburned this summer 

The sunburn has forever been the scourge of summer vacations, putting a damper on fun in the sun and potentially contributing to longer-term health issues. Despite convenient access to information and the products that can help keep skin healthy, remarkably, nearly a third (29%) of U.S. respondents rarely or never wear sunscreen during the summer, while 25% expect to get severely sunburned this summer. The survey also unveiled that 22% of Americans do not believe that sunscreen can help prevent skin cancer, and 38% believe that sunscreen with certain ingredients is harmful.

However, the majority of respondents are sunscreen advocates. SingleCare’s survey also revealed that 68% believe sunscreen can help prevent skin cancer, and over a third (33%) consistently wear sunscreen while outdoors during the summer. The survey further revealed that 51% of U.S. respondents purchase mineral-based sunscreen, and the majority (63%) said they read the ingredients in their sunscreen before buying or using it. 

Additionally, the survey found that nearly a third (30%) of Americans buy European sunscreen. These sunscreens are popular because they provide greater protection against UVA rays. The European Union regulates sunscreen as a cosmetic product, allowing for more flexibility in the active ingredients. By comparison, the United States regulates sunscreen as non-prescription drugs, which means that getting new ingredients approved for use in sunscreen can be challenging, time-consuming, and costly. 

While many Americans are attuned to the ingredients in their sunscreen, the survey revealed an even more alarming statistic: Over a quarter (27%) of Americans have purchased counterfeit sunscreen. More than half (58%) said they weren't even aware that counterfeit sunscreens exist.

“It’s unfortunate that counterfeit sunscreens even exist in the market as they can not only be ineffective but also potentially harmful to your health,” says Dr. Bourgeois. “There are a number of signs that consumers should look for to avoid buying bogus sunscreen products. First, check the label of the sunscreen to be sure it is a recognizable brand and check if there are any misspellings on the packaging. I advise looking for FDA approval on U.S. sunscreens and verifying the batch numbers since authentic sunscreen products will usually have batch numbers and expiration dates. I also recommend only purchasing sunscreens from reputable sources like your local pharmacy or trusted online retailers.” 

Americans are anticipating dangerous heat and sun-related illnesses this summer

Dangerous temperatures can cause heat-related emergencies, and create life-threatening conditions. SingleCare’s survey found that Americans have previously experienced the following summer health issues… 

• 51% overheating 

• 48% severe sunburn

• 45% dehydration 

• 40% heat exhaustion 

• 30% bee sting 

• 30% heat rash 

• 20% tick bite 

• 18% heat stroke 

• 16% rash from a poisonous plant (e.g.,  position ivy) 

Americans are facing the fact that they may have the same risks this year, despite having the unpleasant experience previously. SingleCare’s survey revealed that this summer, Americans anticipate experiencing the following…

• 43% overheating

• 37% dehydration 

• 29% heat rash 

• 25% severe sunburn 

• 15% tick bite 

• 13% bee sting

• 8% rash from a poisonous plant (e.g.,  position ivy) 

Sun, fun, and safety: Your ultimate guide to enjoying the summer season safely

Summer is here, and with it come sun-splashed days and outdoor adventures. While soaking up vitamin D is beneficial, it's crucial to stay sun-savvy to protect yourself from harmful UV rays and heat-related issues. SingleCare’s health expert, Dr. Jennifer Bourgeois, Pharm.D., offers her tips and recommendations to stay healthy and have fun this summer. 

1. Slather on the sunscreen. Sunscreen is your best ally for UV protection. 

• Choose the right SPF: Opt for a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Broad-spectrum means it protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Mineral sunscreens like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are considered safe and provide a physical barrier on the skin that reflects UV rays. Chemical sunscreens absorb UV radiation before it penetrates the skin.

• Apply generously: Most people don’t use enough sunscreen. Apply about an ounce (a shot glass full) to cover your entire body.

• Reapply often: Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every two hours, and more frequently if you’re swimming or sweating. Even water-resistant sunscreens need reapplication and it’s always advisable to reapply as soon as you get out of the water.

2. Dress appropriately. Even though sunscreen is your best ally, it doesn’t provide 100% protection against UV radiation. Clothing is another powerful shield against UV rays. I suggest opting for Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) clothing or covering up by wearing long sleeves, pants, and a wide-brimmed hat that can protect your skin. Don’t forget to protect your eyes with sunglasses that block 100% of UV light. 

3. Seek shade. When the sun is at its peak, usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., it’s best to find some shade. An umbrella or portable sunshade can provide a cool retreat. Natural shade, like trees and shelters, can also help you escape the intense midday sun.

4. Stay hydrated. With the sun of summer comes heat. Excessive heat exposure may lead to dehydration and heat-related illnesses.

• Drink plenty of water: Aim to drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day, more if you’re active or it’s particularly hot.

• Avoid alcohol and caffeine: These can dehydrate you further. Opt for water, herbal teas, or electrolyte-infused drinks.

• Eat hydrating foods: Fruits and vegetables like watermelon, cucumbers, and oranges can help keep you hydrated.

5. Know the warning signs of heat-related illnesses. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are serious and can be life-threatening conditions. Be aware of the symptoms:

• Heat exhaustion: Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache. Move to a cooler place, rehydrate slowly, and rest.

• Heat stroke: This is a medical emergency. Symptoms include a high body temperature, confusion, rapid pulse, and loss of consciousness. It's not advisable to self-treat. The first step is to call 9-1-1. Do not give a person with heat stroke anything to drink by mouth.

6. Get your vitamin D safely. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Your body naturally produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, but you can do this safely: Nearly half (49%) of U.S. respondents believe getting vitamin D exposure from the sun is more important than wearing sunscreen.

• Moderate exposure: Aim for 15-45 minutes of sun exposure three times per week to produce the vitamin D your body needs. The exact time depends on your skin type, location, and the time of year. The approximate time of exposure in the summertime in the United States is 15-20 minutes daily for light skin tones, 25-30 minutes daily for medium skin tones, and 40-45 minutes daily for dark skin tones.

• Avoid sunbathing: Let the sun hit about 60% of the body if you are following the timing recommendations above. Casual exposure while walking or doing outdoor chores can be sufficient, but the amount of time of exposure should be extended.

• Avoid peak sun hours: Get your sun exposure outside the peak UV hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) to reduce the risk of skin damage. 

7. Schedule annual skin checks. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the U.S., and early detection can save lives. It’s important to regularly check your skin for new moles or changes to existing ones. Look for asymmetry, irregular borders, changes in color, diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and evolving size, shape, or color. Regardless of whether you have a changing mole or not, always visit your dermatologist annually for a professional skin exam.

Survey methodology: SingleCare conducted this summer health survey online through SurveyMonkey on May 9, 2024. This survey includes 1,119 United States residents, adults ages 18+. Age and gender were census-balanced.